Let Us With A Gladsome Mind (Tune: Monkland)

In this series on revisiting old treasures you may find this old hymn is not as stodgy as you have been led to believe. Look at some of our oldest hymns through new eyes and they often take on new life.

Standing Back - Taking Stock

If you check out the form of this hymn you'll notice a few interesting things straight away. In most hymnals the last two lines of each stanza text are indented, and contain the same text each time. This is of course because this hymn is a setting a psalm 136, and these two lines are a refrain, or chorus as such.

What this may suggest is that the last two lines of each stanza be sung by the whole gathering, and that the first two lines be treated differently each time. This will give the hymn a natural momentum that is harder to attain if everyone sings every single bit of the song. But it may also heighten the significance of the text as people will tuned into to the text they are not singing themselves.

Some ways to achieve this may be as follows:

1. Various solosists sing the first two lines and the athered people sing the refrain.

2. Left side sings the first two lines and right side the second (or alternate)

3. Female voices and males voices

4. Adults and children

5. First two lines of each verse sing first by women, second verse by men, third verse by kids, fourth by a soloist and so on.

Putting the Hymn into Context

Knowledge about composer is usually very illuminating and informs the treatment of songs. John Milton's paraphrase of Psalm 136, was set to music by John Antes, a American born composer of Moravian descent, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1740, and died in England in 1811. He was a violin maker, watchmaker, inventor, missionary, theoretician, businessman and composer. 

Reflecting the Character of the Text Musically

"Let us with a gladsome mind, praise the Lord for He is kind"

In the past I have most often sung this hymn in a slow four, with the emphasis on each beat. I'm not sure this was particularly successful in promoting a gladsome mind, as the result was more grandiose and even pompous in manner. Remember that in the late 1700's it is likely this hymn was sung a cappella, and that John Antes's four parts were intended for vocalists, not instrumental accompaniment.

You may notice several things if you wander around the house singing the melody alone:

• The melody is more likely 2 minim beats in a bar, not 4. 
• It has a lovely lilting melody. Lets face it, there are way too many mono-rhythmic hymns but this one has quavers! (cheer loudly and with enthusiasm)
• The vocal range is quite broad, with a range over an octave.
• It has a light, dance-like quality which is in danger of being weighed down by hyper-harmonisation.

Instrumentation

This hymn is one of those which is more decisive when sung in unison and acappella (unaccompanied) than accompanied with an instrument. Consider that it's composer was a violin maker and utilise a violist in your midst if you have one, to play a counter melody. Ditching the vocal harmonies and accompanying with a single drum playing a simple rhythm works a treat.

Metronome Markings

As I have suggested previously, tempo should be governed by the intrinsic nature of a song, and not the capacity of the resident accompanist. Harmonisation, such as is prescribed in many hymnbooks, invariably slows the pace, and impedes the joy and lilting quality of this song.

In the Uniting Church's hymnal, Together in Song, the suggested speed is MM116-132. Quite a broad spectrum! You will adopt your own pace. Remember those in smaller gathering will find it easier to adopt a more sprightly pace. Having said that, a large gathering, when well led by a songleader, should have no trouble singing at MM 132 (crotcher) or MM 66 (minim).

What is a Metronome?

Don't Have a Metronome?

A metronome is an essential tool for musicians. They are available for purchase at music stores, but you would do just as well to download one onto whatever media tool you use. If you're buying a metronome, make sure it has a sound-free option. This means you can check the speed via a flashing light - very important in the midst of worship, or during a perfromance.  A free metronome app is available for iphones, ipads, ipods, for PC users, blackberries etc.

Poll: How does the Church Accompany Song in 2011?

For more ideas about accompanying hymns creatively visit Revisiting Old Treasures.

For tips about using drums in church Percussion Perspective.

The Bright Wind is Blowing

Ah Pentecost - the time of year when the imagined suddenly seems possible. Althought not strictly an "old treasure", The Bright Wind is Blowing suggests creative accompaniment. It is something of a puzzle to me why this song, so rich in pentecostal imagery, is included in the section Jesus Christ: Lord and Redeemer rather than Holy Spirit. But I digress... This song was written by John Maynard (1925-85) to the words of Cecily Taylor (1930-  ). It is number 263 in TIS (Together in Song), the most recently sanctioned hymnal of the Uniting Church in Australia.

'The Bright Wind' sung in Victoria (Aust) recently was
accompanied with flute, recorder and bodhran.

Sadly it is broadly assumed to be an "organ hymn" by virtue of inclusion in TIS. By assuming all songs contained in hymnals stem from the same era and continent, we inhibit and belittle what is a richly diverse collection of world music across many times, peoples and cultures.

Why choose this one?
This song is in a minor key. So what, you say. This may sound trivial, but the reality is most music is written in major keys. This means alternative tonalities may have greater impact than we realise. Another less common feature about this song is that it is in triple time enabling it with a freedom and dance quality others songs may lack. Furthermore, "hymns" often have melodies that move predominently by step (one note to the very next) but here we welcome a more expansive quality which is refreshing and entirely singable.

Imagining Creative Accompaniment
The most productive way I find to settle on song accompaniment is simply to sing it around for awhile, without subscribing to the prescribed accompaniment. Pick the melody out on your instruments initially, but then move away: sing it in the shower, hum it over the ironing, and whistle it while cycling. In an hour or so, you'll have begun to adopt a flavour - one that comes naturally to you. This process will undoubtedly suggest a tempo and instrumentation.

Full-On-Flavour
You will come up with your own ideas. Here's mine. I was drawn into the triple time feel, and found myself imagining a gentle dance, slightly emphasising the first beat of each bar, with the first beat of the second bar still being strong but with less emphasis than the first. So we would sing: The bright wind is blowing the bright wind of heaven, and where it is going to no one can say. This shouldn't be deliberate and laboured (and certainly NOT announced), its just a feeling.The metronome speed given in TIS is cathedral pace, and way too slow for my taste. Try singing it unaccompanied and you will find you settle on a comfortable singing speed. This should dictate the pace the instruments play - not the other way around! I like singing this song at about ♩ = 132.

Informed by Imagery
In the intial stages the text can sometimes call instrumentation to mind. This song text makes many wind references, so wind instruments have a certain relevance. It is also the "bright wind" not the "stodgy old wind" , or "stormy", or "gruff", "cold" or "mellow wind".The text includes the unexpected nature of the wind, so an instrumental surprise here and there may be justified.

Instrumentation
Gladly this somg has a counter melody included in TIS (Together in Song), alongside the suggestion it can be played on a woodwind instruments. or even sung. Your faith community may be limited as to the instruments available, so consider your choice carefully. A flute, recorder, tin whistle or trumpet will provide the "bright" timbre required. Harmonica, electric guitar, or glockenspeil will render quite a different effect. Clarinet, oboe or saxophone will produce a mellow quality. Children's voices will lighten, whereas trained adult singers may weigh it down and inhibit the tempo. Only you know the resources contained wthin your community, or just beyond it. There is no need to cling to this counter melody. Feel free to improvise or invent your own, or improvise on the notes given.

Simple percussion contributes to the dance - my preference in fact, is to do away with all instruments except for a drum (either bongos, toms, bodhran or tambour) and a tin whistle. No piano, no guitars and definately give the organ a rest for this one. Even the simplest drumming pattern will lift the singing.

If you do choose to use piano, consider abandoning the given accompaniment and play the guitar chords in a simple pattern alongside the drumming.

Breathing Space
An introduction and space in betweeen verses is important. The simplest way of doing this is to have the drumming begin and your melody instrument of choice play through the song once as an intro. In between verses, just have the drummer play four bars of drumming, and your wind player reprise the last 4 bars of the sung melody, and there you have it.

Teaching it.
If this is new to your community, try this. Don't give them a hymn number, or show them the words. If they have a book or words to look at they'll be reading the words, not learning the song. Trust me. Check out How to teach a Song in 4 Steps.

You may also be interested in
Sounds Like Pentecost
Virtual Music Barriers
Percussion Perspective
Psalm 107 with Drum 
Revisiting Old Treasures. 

20 (New Year) Resolutions for the Church Musician

Most New Years come and go before I've made a decent resolution. This year I am determined to be better prepared. Here is a list of suggestions you might like to run past your faith commmunity, family, actual friends and facebook friends. They are not limited to the institutional church, but extend into everyday.

1. Sing to a child
2. Listen attentively to a child singing
3. Invite everyone you know around for a singalong (just for the fun of it.)
4. Have a fundraising drive to boost the music budget
5. Clean out the music cupboard
6. Buy a new contemporary music source
7. Book a course to extend your skills
8. Recruit a new member to the church band or choir
9. Say "well done you" to another muso
10. Use an instrument you haven't tried before (harmonica, tin whistle, banjo, recorder)
11. Delegate... and trust it will be done.
12. Don't look so busy - leave the packing up until later
13. Sing in places other than the shower, just because.
14. Invite an older person (than you) to play their instrument in worship.

15. Organise an event where instrumentalists of all ages can strut their stuff.

16 Buy a really great drum (toms, djembe, bohran are all great choices)

17. Learn how to drum properly

18. Have a massage, light an aromatherapy candle, breathe deeply. 

19. Learn about and listen to a style of music you don't like

20.Sing an really ancient hymn unaccompanied all the way through.

Got another idea?

What is your musical resolution for 2011?

You may also be interested in Into the New Year: Remembering the Past and Looking to the Future

Percussion Perspective

Contemporary culture puts great store on the latest technology and trends. Paradoxically, the traditional church has a tendency to scorn new ideas, instead clinging to tried and tested practices.This poses particular challenges for contemporarily minded musicians.

An Historical Perspective
Are those highly valued traditions really that old anyway? Pipe organs, for example, were unheard of for the first 1,500 years of Christendom. Prior to that church bands and a cappella singing were the order of the day. And in the early church scholars believe song was predominantly accompanied by percussion instruments.

But those old hymns were written for pipe organ, weren't they?
On the contrary, many of the oldest hymns are settings of old dance tunes, drinking songs, popular songs and patriotic anthems. Be Thou my vision (Slane) is Gaelic and hails from the 8th century (no pipe organs then my friend) and may be best accompanied with tin whistle and bodhran. Many other hymn tunes of Gaelic origin might be considered in the same light. All Creatures of our God and King (Lasst uns Erfreuen) and Praise to The Lord (Lobe den Herren) are thought to have originally been dances from northern Europe (think dancing and singing around a campfire here folks). Famously, Silent Night was written for guitar accompaniment after mice ate through the cathedral organ's bellows. But I digress!

The Trouble with Hymnbooks
Put a song into a hymnbook and you can be sure of one thing: many people will ignore its origin, assume the accompanying instrument should be the organ, and play at cathedral pace. Consequently many of our hymns are inapproprately hyper-harmonised in the traditional mould, diminishing one of the great strengths of our repertoire - global diversity.  God sends us his Spirit hails from Ghana. How many pipe organs do you think there are are in Ghana?

Using Percussion to Enlivening the Singing
Accompanying sung voices with percussion is the most effective way of ensuring the sung words are dominant. The more notes that are played by instrumentalists, the less weight is given to the sung text. Not only does harmonisation alter the mood of the song, but it also tends to slow its tempo or pace. Keep in mind that cathedral pace, neccesarily slow because of the reverberant acoustic in a cathedral, is irrelevent in most worship spaces. 

Advantages of Percussion Accompaniment

1. Most People Can
Most of those who come to worship can tap in time, and by extension will be able to play a simple beat. Fewer people, but still a goodly number, can play a simple complementary rhythm. It doesn't need to be complex. A simple beat on the first beat of the bar can be surprisingly effective. Most people will need to devote their entire attention to their percussion part, and refrain from singing.
 
2. Portability
There is no need for electricity and so percussion instruments have obvious advantages for stations of the cross, carol singing, worship-on-the-move, camps, and worship in the open air. Many larger drums can be hung across the body of their player by drumming straps.
 
3. Inexpensive
OK, so they can be very expensive, depending on what you choose to purchase. Claves, tone blocks and maracas are easily found at reasonable prices. A maraca egg can be bought for just a dollar or two. A quality tambourine or cabasa is a little more expensive, and good quality drums can set the heart rate apace!

However, fairs and fetes, local music shops and e-bay are great places to pick up a bargain. Washboards can occasionally be found in second hand shops - and I'll wager there are plenty of older folks who have an old one lying around in their shed.  Consider making your own instruments for a fraction of the price. Start by acquiring a great drum, the deeper the better, and build from there.

Getting Started - What to Play
I am not a fan of the everyone-pick-up-an-instrument-and-whack routine. We can do much better than that! Rather have two or three well-rehearsed people accompany a song with well-chosen rhythms. One person might simply beat a drum on the first beat of each bar, providing stability to the ensemble. A second could choose a brief and interesting rhythm from the song and play it several times throughout, leaving plenty of space inbetween. To get started, have a gander at my percussion suggestions for using The King of Glory Comes and Praise to the Lord. Better still, find out how to have a full-on A Cappella Sunday.

And another thing...
For drummers, faith communities can be a tough crowd, particularly those with a traditional music heritage. Take a look at this article, The Challenge of Playing Drums in Church by John Schmidli which offers practical solutions to some common pitfalls for young drummers.

You may also be interested in
Poll: How Does the Church Accompany Song in 2011?
Psalm 107 with Drum

Visit Spirited and Singing on Facebook

The King of Glory Comes

'Christ The King' Sunday
When planning for 'Christ the King' Sunday, consider using The King of Glory - a great choice for young bands. Its tune originates from a traditional Israeli melody, and has just enough rhythmic invention to make it interesting, and not so much to perplex those singing it. The key of the song is user-friendly. E minor is a simple key, with only an F sharp in the key signature. While a single G sharp appears for the final chord, those playing the bass notes, much of the accompaniment, and the entire melody will be untroubled by troublesome "black notes" (if you'll excuse the pianist's terminology!).

Instrument-Friendly
In the verses recorder players will find the range accessible, as will flautists. The notes to be played are among those first learnt on these instruments.

The Bass
Bass instruments could play a simplified bassline: E-B-E-B in the refrain, and G-D-G-D etc.. in the verses, but that can sound a bit oompah! Instead try sustaining a single bass note (E (for two bars) then C-D-E in the refrain (twice). For the verse, bass players can underpin the accompaniment simply by sustaining a G until the refrain comes around again. Thats a total of 4 different notes. Simple!

Percussive Ostinato
Chose a motif (eg: "na-tion re-joi-ces") and allocate the rhythm to claves, tambourines or hand drum, to play whenever that rhythm occurs in the song. In this case, the identical rhythm comes with "lift up your voices", and both phrases occur during the refrain.

Mixing it Up
As the rhythm is quite repetitive I'd suggest alternative instrumental treatment from refrain to verse. For example you may engage drum, guitars, bass instruments and hand percussion in the refrain, and make a contrast by utilising recorders, keyboard and triangle for the verses. The advantage of this 2-edged approach for a young band is the playing is not so relentless, there is less for each player to learn, and the result is varied for the singers/listeners.

I suspect variety is the intention behind the suggested note that a cantor sing the verses and the gathered people render the refrain. While some songs by Joseph Gelineau, for example, have verses which are rhythmically and melodically varied from one to the next, it is not so here. I see no reason for this instruction, other than the provision of contrast. An alternative suggestion for those without instruments is to alternate the verse singing between left and right side, women and men, or children and adults.

Final Refrain
As the origins of the music are from Israel, it is quite legitimate to repeat the refrain several times over, gradually increasing the speed. What an exhilarating way the prepare for Advent.

Now if you could just get the congregation to dance...WOW!

For more on accompanying hymns creatively with integrity, visit Revisiting Old Treasures

More Resources for Advent and Christmas

Praise to the Lord, the Almighty, the King of Cre-a-tion

This hymn has been included in the repertoire for many centuries, and is regarded by many as a 'classic'. The exact origin of this hymn tune 'Lobe den Herren' is unknown, other than that it came from the German region known as Stralsund, a trading centre that belonged to the Kingdom of Denmark in medieval times. It is quite possible this tune was a known folk tune before it was adopted as a chorale melody in the 1600s.

When the tune is allowed to stand on its own, much of its character is revealed. In triple time, it is less austere than many other old hymns, and suggests a dance-like quality.

Flavour
If you were to wander about the house singing this sing, you may well find it assumes a very different style and tempo than that we usually adopt. Traditionally this old hymn beats a grand and deliberate time, giving almost equal weight to each note and syllable. Try singing the opening now in the way your community commonly sings it, noting your pace and style.

Now try this: pick up the pace slightly, emphisising the first beat of each bar. Keep your singing light and dancy, skipping over the dotted rhythms in bars 2, 8 and 16. Clearly this old hymn has now taken on a new rhythmic character, invoking celebration rather than solemnity.

Re-thinking accompaniment
The rich chordal accompaniment is particularly beautiful, and yet to engage with this new style means the harmonic change on every note will hamper the flow. Give this hymn new life by adopting sparse accompaniment, thinking carefully about instrumentation. Brass instruments are grand, wheras tin whistle or recorder and bodhran will create an entirely different mood. By playing a simple rhythm on a hand drum, and a counter melody on tin whistle (you can use the tenor line for this) will reinvigorate this classic.

Breathing space
Now that we are all rollicking along in song we encounter a challenge. Singers will need some space at the end of the verse, similarly to that which a laong pause on the pipe-organ provided. But slowing down will damage the mood we are setting. Instead repeat the final four bars between each verse, or simply continue the rhythmic pattern on the hand drum. Songleaders can give clear non-verbal cues to the congregation for the next verse.

Introductions are vital
The purpose of an introduction is not only to remind people of the tune they are about to sing, but to set the mood and tempo. Don'tunder estimate the value of a great introduction which reveals the intention for the singing. When adopting an unfamiliar style, musical introductions become even more important. If not done with care, people will misunderstand the intention for the singing, and adopt the austere style. A short explanation at the appropriate time can alleviate confusion.

Shall we dance?
Consider using this song as an introit or processional song, and have someone dance the bible down the aisle. Consider whether the musicians themselves might be part of the procession. Don't assume this song will always be sung the same way, but refresh your approach.

Teaching the song
This is so well known and does not need teaching. As long as the instrumentalists and songleader are engaged in the style, a quick word about the different approach will be all that is required.

Let me know if you refresh this hymn in your community.

More like this in Revisting Old Treasures

About this hymn

History of chorales and use of folk tunes

For more on the region of Stralsund

Charles Wesley: hymns for labouring women and everyday suffering

It seems there was more to Charles Wesley's hymns than most of us realise. Hymns for women in labour, for smallpox sufferers, and those facing execution were amongst his collection of more than 6 000 hymns.

The reasons why these hymns of suffering dropped off the church's repertoire is the subject of a new book by Deakin University academic Dr. Joanna Cruickshank. Pain, Passion and Faith: Revisiting the place of Charles Wesley in Early Methodism.

In an era of no pain relief, such hymns may have helped to ease physical suffering in a world where women frequently died in childbirth, and fatal diseases meant a significantly shorter life expectancy than those living in the United Kingdom enjoy today.

Understanding the healing potential of music is not a new subject. Despite numerous scientific studies on the link between music and health, it remains an under-utilised practice.

Dr Cruickshank talks on radio national

More about Dr Cruickshank's book

For more on music and health, contact Australian Music Therapy Association